Abstract Urban growth promotes changes in the environment and in the quality of life. Urban afforestation enables environmental services. But afforestation requires planning and maintenance to avoid conflicts with other urban equipment. The objective of this work was to analyze the interaction between urban afforestation and energy distribution systems in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte. The state-owned energy concessionaire’s database was used, seeking to analyze the relationship between the history of outages in energy supply and the environmental factors associated with the fact, in the period between 2010 and 2015. It was found that the most relevant factors were the type of electrical energy distribution system (bare or isolated) and the maintenance (pruning) of the trees. The size of the tree and the strength of the wood are decisive in defining the demand for maintenance pruning to ensure a harmonious relationship between the trees and the electrical energy distribution system.

RESUMO Avaliou-se o crescimento pós-poda das 16 principais espécies plantadas em arborização urbana na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte com objetivo de adequar o regime de podas e avaliar o efeito de fatores ambientais, de manejo e da árvore no desenvolvimento das brotações. Foram selecionados seis indivíduos por espécie e acompanhado o crescimento mensal das cinco maiores brotações nos pontos podados, criando-se dois cenários, considerando os valores da mediana e do terceiro quartil dos dados de crescimento. Procedeu-se a análise de agrupamento dos dados de crescimento, definindo-se grupos de regime de poda de acordo com a similaridade de hábito de crescimento das espécies. Realizou-se também análises de correlação e regressão linear para fatores climáticos, intensidade de poda, diâmetro a altura do peito, estado fitossanitário, intensidade de luz na copa e área permeável no solo. Constatou-se que as espécies arbóreas estudadas apresentam resposta diferenciada de crescimento das brotações pós-poda, podendo ser reunidas em grupos de regimes de manejo de podas, variando entre 6 e 24 meses. Fatores ambientais, do indivíduo arbóreo e de manejo podem afetar o desenvolvimento da brotação das árvores.

ABSTRACT The post-pruning growth of the 16 main species planted in urban afforestation in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte was evaluated in order to adjust the pruning regime, as well as to evaluate the effect of environmental, management, and tree factors on shoot development. Six individuals were selected per species, and the monthly growth of the five largest shoots at the pruned points was monitored to create two scenarios, considering the median and third quartile of the growth data. The grouping analysis of the growth data was carried out, defining groups of pruning regime according to the similarity in the species growth. Correlation and linear regression analyses were also performed for climatic factors, pruning intensity, diameter at breast height (DBH), phytosanitary status, luminosity in the crown, and permeable area in the soil. It was verified that the arboreal species studied presented a differentiated growth response of post-pruning shoots and can be combined into groups of pruning management regimes ranging from 6 to 24 months. Environmental, individual, and management factors can affect tree sprouting.

Abstract Laccodytes costae sp. nov., from Brazil, is described and illustrated; the new species is the third known member of the Laccodytes apalodes species-group. New records for Brazil: Laccodytes americanus Peschet, 1919, new for the country and Laccodytes rondoniaToledo, Spangler & Balke, 2010, new for the state of Pará. A modified version of the key from Toledo, Spangler & Balke (2010) is provided with new couplets to allow the identification of the new species as well as L. cobreinaeToledo, Megna & Alarie, 2011.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar os requerimentos nutricionais e o efeito da limitação de nutrientes no desenvolvimento de mudas de baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) utilizando a técnica da limitação nutricional. O ensaio foi estabelecido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 12 tratamentos e oito repetições. Os tratamentos adotados foram os seguintes: completo 1 (C1 - adubado com N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Zn e calagem), completo 2 (C2 - adubado com N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, sem calagem), tratamentos completos com omissão de um nutriente por vez (completo 1 - N, completo 1 - P, completo 1 - K, completo 1 - S, completo 1 - B, completo 1 - Zn, completo 2 - Ca, completo 2 - Mg, completo 1 - calagem) e controle (solo natural). Aferiu-se o diâmetro e a altura das plantas, separando-as em parte aérea e sistema radicular. As mudas foram secas, pesadas, moídas e foi determinado o teor de nutrientes na matéria seca da parte aérea. De acordo com os resultados, as limitações de S e B não afetaram o crescimento das mudas de Dipteryx alata. P e N foram, de forma geral, os nutrientes que mais limitaram o crescimento das mudas de baru. A sequência de exigência nutricional apresentada pelas mudas de baru, considerando a produção de biomassa seca da parte aérea, em ordem decrescente foi: P = N > Ca = Mg = Zn = K = S = B.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the nutritional requirements and the effect of nutrient limitation over the development of baru seedlings (Dipteryx alata Vogel), using the nutrient limitation technique. The trial was established in a completely randomized design, with 12 treatments and 8 replicates. The adopted treatments were the following: complete 1 (C1 - fertilization with N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Zn and liming), complete 2 (C2 - fertilization with N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, with no liming), complete treatment with the omission of a nutrient at a time (C1-N, C1-P, C1-K, C1-S, C1-B, C1-Zn, C2-Ca, C2-Mg, C1-liming) and control (natural soil). We assessed plant height and diameter, and separated them into shoot and root system. The seedlings were dried, weighed, ground for the determination of nutrient content of the shoot dry matter. According to the results, the limitation of S and B did not affect the growth of Dipteryx alata seedlings. In general, P and N were the nutrients that most limited the growth of Baru seedlings. The sequence of nutritional requirements presented by the Baru seedlings, in decreasing order, considering the production of shoot dry biomass, was: P = N > Ca = Mg = Zn = K = S = B.

Abstract Six new species of the genus Desmopachria Babington, 1841 are described and illustrated from Brazil: D. anauine sp. nov., D. carranca sp. nov., D. francischettii sp. nov., D. nigrasphera sp. nov., D. nigricoxa sp. nov. and D. yanomami sp. nov. Desmopachria varians is redescribed and illustrated from syntypes photos and material identified by Dr. Frank Young. New records for eight other species from Brazilian states are presented here: D. amyaeMiller, 2001 has a new record from Minas Gerais State, D. grammosticta Braga & Ferreira-Jr., 2015 have new records from Minas Gerais and São Paulo States, D. granoidesYoung, 1986 has a new record from Espirito Santo State, D. laevisSharp, 1882 have new records from Espírito Santo and Parana States, D. leptophallica Braga & Ferreira-Jr., 2014 has a new record from Paraná State, D. sioliYoung, 1980 has a new record from Minas Gerais State, D. striola Sharp, 1887 have new records from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States and D. volatidiscaMiller, 2001 has a new record from Paraíba States and an unpublished record of D. challetiMiller, 2001 from Brazil.

Evidence indicates the potential of virtual gaming assets to raise and / or maintain the level of motivation in the classroom and promote greater physiological intensity activities. The aim of the study was to compare the level of motivation and level of physical activity among school children of traditional physical education class (EDFT) and school children in physical education classes with the use of active virtual games (JVA). Participated 117 students divided into two distinct groups: EDFT and JVA. For 12 classes, variables motivation and level of physical activity were measured. To assess the level of motivation, it was used Martins motivation scale and Duarte (1997). The level of physical activity was measured by System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time. For analysis comparing the level of physical activity, it was used the U test of Mann Whitney. The motivation was analyzed by Repeated Measures Mixed test. For all analyzes, it was adopted as significance level p <0.05. Data were tabulated in SPSS_22.0 software. The results did not show significant differences in the level of physical activity and motivation between groups. It concludes that the JVA has the peculiarity to promote a practice environment that demands greater physiological intensity.

Abstract In this paper, an analytic comparison between adaptive modulation (AdM) and adaptive Forward Error Correction (AdFEC) in wireless network telecommunication systems is performed. Through the Gilbert-Elliott model's, the Packet Error Rate (PER) is calculated and both the throughput and the delay, for different modulations and error correction capacity, have been also computed. For the throughput criterion, the results show that the AdFEC outperforms AdM for higher values of Signal Noise-to-Ratio (SNR). However, when the SNR has low value the adaptive modulation performs better. In case of delay criterion, the mean time to transmit a packet using AdM is lower than when AdFEC is used.

RESUMO Neste estudo avaliou-se a fertilidade do solo, a biomassa e atividade microbiológica do solo sob coberturas florestais de Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus cloeziana e Corymbia maculata; Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, com 40 anos de idade, e um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, localizados no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras. Em amostras de solo coletadas na camada de 0-5 cm foram determinados parâmetros de fertilidade, a respiração basal e o carbono de biomassa microbiana. Os resultados mostraram que as espécies E. grandis e E. cloeziana mantiveram teores de carbono de biomassa microbiana mais elevados dentre os ecossistemas avaliados e iguais àqueles observados sob a floresta nativa. Em contraste, o solo sob pinus apresentou os menores índices microbiológicos. Sob C. maculata e E. pilularis os teores foram intermediários para este parâmetro. A respiração basal de todos os ecossistemas foi igual. O nível de fertilidade foi extremanente baixo sob todos os tipos de cobertura vegetal avaliados.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the soil fertility, biomass and microbial activity of the soil under forest cover of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus cloeziana and Corymbia maculata; Pinus Caribbean var. hondurensis, 40 years old, and a fragment of Semideciduous Forest, located on the campus of the Federal University of Lavras. In soil samples collected in the 0-5 cm layer were determined fertility parameters, basal respiration and microbial biomass carbon. The results showed that for the species E. grandis and E. cloeziana the carbon of biomass microbial content was higher than for any other ecosystem evaluated, and equal to those observed under native forest. In contrast, the ground under Pinus had the lowest microbiological indexes. Under C. maculata and E. pilularis the contents were intermediate for this parameter. The basal respiration of all ecosystems was equal. The fertility level was very low in all types of evaluated vegetation.

À pergunta "O estudo de história da filosofia é de algum interesse para a própria filosofia?", diferentes são as respostas. Tomando-se como referência a defesa merleau-pontyana de uma intrínseca relação entre filosofia e história da filosofia e, particularmente, as ideias de Merleau-Ponty contidas no excerto "A Filosofia e o ‘Fora’", o presente artigo procurará subsidiar a tese de um ensino filosófico da filosofia. Objetiva, pois, encontrar argumentos subjacentes à tese de uma história filosófica da filosofia para fundamentar as relações entre a filosofia e seu ensino.

There are different answers to the following question: "Is there any interest, to philosophy itself, on the study of history of philosophy? Considering Merleau-Ponty’s argument of an intrinsic relationship between philosophy and history of philosophy, and, particularly his ideas contained in the excerpt "Philosophy and the Outside", this article will support the thesis of a philosophical teaching of philosophy. It aims, therefore, to find arguments underlying the thesis of a philosophical history of philosophy to substantiate the relationship between philosophy and its teaching.

As florestas plantadas ocupam destaque crescente no cenário nacional, permanecendo a questão sobre os seus efeitos ambientais, dentre eles àqueles relacionados ao solo. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar e comparar atributos físicos de Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico sob cobertura de Eucalyptus cloeziana, E. grandis, E. Pilularis e Corymbia maculata, 37 anos após plantio, no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras. Os perfis foram amostrados até um metro de profundidade, sendo analisadas textura, porosidade, estrutura e retenção de água. Os resultados foram submetidos a análises de variância, testes de comparação múltipla de médias Scott-Knott, correlação e regressão linear. Os perfis apresentaram condições físicas consideradas adequadas ao bom crescimento das plantas. A densidade e a microporosidade aumentaram em profundidade; o volume total de poros, macroporosidade e a estabilidade de agregados decresceram no perfil. Os perfis sob E. cloeziana e C. maculata apresentaram-se menos densos, mais porosos e estruturados, e com menor capacidade de retenção e disponibilidade de água em relação aos perfis sob E. grandis e E. pilularis.

Planted forests have been increasingly highlighted in the Brazilian scenario, maintaining status regarding their environmental effects, among them those related with soils. The objectives of this work were to evaluate and to compare the physical attributes of a typic distroferric Red Latosol under Eucalyptus cloeziana, E. grandis, E. Pilularis and Corymbia maculata coverage, 37 years after being planted at the Federal University of Lavras campus. The soil profiles were sampled down to 1 m depth in order to analyze their particle-size distribution, porosity, structure and water retention. The results were submitted to analysis of variance, Scott-Knott multiple means comparison test, correlations and linear regression. The profiles presented appropriated soil physical conditions to provide good plant development. The bulk density and microporosity increased in depth while the total pore volume, macroporosity and aggregates stability decreased in depth. The soil profiles under E. cloeziana and C. maculata coverage presented lower density, more pores, are more structured, present lower water retention capability and lower water availability than the soil profiles under E. grandis and E. pilularis.

Um modelo experimental de lesão raquimedular com localização precisa e reproduzível é uma ferramenta extremamente importante para o estudo de novas terapias em lesões raquimedulares. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver um modelo experimental de lesão raquimedular em ratos que produza lesão completa (paraplegia) com o posicionamento de um sistema que permita o acesso de agentes próximo ao local da lesão para testar agentes terapêuticos locais. MÉTODOS: Quinze ratos Wistar foram submetidos à transecção cirúrgica da medula espinhal, realizada com o uso de tesoura ao nível dos corpos vertebrais de T-13 a L-3 e, ao final do procedimento, à implantação de um cateter subcutâneo para o acesso de agentes terapêuticos locais ao local da lesão. RESULTADOS: Um modelo experimental de paraplegia foi consistentemente desenvolvido com a adição suplementar de um cateter para o acesso de agentes terapêuticos locais ao local da lesão. CONCLUSÃO: Um modelo animal de lesão raquimedular e um sistema para o acesso de agentes terapêuticos locais pode ser reproduzido para o estudo de diferentes modificadores da resposta regenerativa em um modelo de ratos com lesão raquimedular.

An experimental model of spinal cord injury at a precise and reproducible site is an extremely important tool for studying new therapies in spinal cord injuries. OBJECTIVES: To develop an experimental model of spinal cord injury in rats that is able to produce a complete injury (paraplegia) and placing a system enabling agents access close to injury site in order to test local therapeutic agents. METHODS: Fifteen Wistar rats were submitted to surgical transection of the spine, performed by using scissors at the level of T-13 to L-3 vertebral bodies, and, at the end of the procedure, to the insertion of a subdermal catheter intended to enable local therapeutic agents’ access to injury site. RESULTS: An experimental model of paraplegia was consistently developed by adding a supplementary catheter for local therapeutic agents’ access to injury site. CONCLUSION: An animal model of spinal cord injury and a system for local therapeutic agents’ access can be reproduced for the study of different modifiers of the regenerative response in a model of rats with spinal cord injury.